about IUCD

An IUCD is a highly effective contraceptive with a high success rate that aids in managing a woman’s reproductive health, and family planning.

Planning pregnancies is a crucial part of managing reproductive health. Whether you are postponing parenthood, spacing between children or looking for long-term contraception, a reliable, and effective method is essential. This is where an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) comes in. IUCDs are designed for convenience, and efficacy. It provides a dependable solution for those seeking to take charge of their family planning.

What is IUCD?

An IUCD is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a long-acting reversible contraceptive that provides extended protection without requiring daily attention. There are two types of IUCDs, namely:

TYPE	FEATURES	HOW IT WORKS	LONGEVITY
Hormonal IUCDs	Hormonal IUCDs release progestin, a synthetic hormone, which prevents pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus, thinning the uterine lining, and suppressing ovulation.	Releases progestin to thicken cervical mucus, blocking sperm from reaching the egg. Thins the uterine lining, making it less likely for a fertilised egg to implant. In some cases, suppresses ovulation, adding another layer of protection	Mirena: prevents pregnancy for 8 years. Liletta: prevents pregnancy for 6 years. Kyleena: prevents pregnancy for 5 years. Skyla: prevents pregnancy for 3 years.
Copper IUCDs	Copper IUCDs are hormone-free, and rely on copper to create an inhospitable environment for the sperm. This is because copper ions impair sperm mobility, and viability, thereby preventing fertilisation.	Releases copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, reducing their ability to swim, and fertilise an egg. Causes a mild inflammatory reaction in the uterus that prevents implantation.	Paragard: prevents pregnancy for 10 years.

  
      TYPE
      FEATURES
      HOW IT WORKS
      LONGEVITY
    
      Hormonal IUCDs
      Hormonal IUCDs release progestin, a synthetic hormone, which prevents pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus, thinning the uterine lining, and suppressing ovulation.
      
        Releases progestin to thicken cervical mucus, blocking sperm from reaching the egg.
Thins the uterine lining, making it less likely for a fertilised egg to implant.
In some cases, suppresses ovulation, adding another layer of protection.

        Mirena: prevents pregnancy for 8 years.
Liletta: prevents pregnancy for 6 years.
Kyleena: prevents pregnancy for 5 years.
Skyla: prevents pregnancy for 3 years.

      Copper IUCDs
      Copper IUCDs are hormone-free, and rely on copper to create an inhospitable environment for the sperm. This is because copper ions impair sperm mobility and viability, thereby preventing fertilisation.
      
        Releases copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, reducing their ability to swim and fertilise an egg.
Causes a mild inflammatory reaction in the uterus that prevents implantation.

        Paragard: prevents pregnancy for 10 years.

What are the benefits of IUCD?

Beyond preventing pregnancies, IUCDs offer an array of benefits, including:

Effective – IUCDs boast a success rate exceeding 99%.
Long-lasting – provides pregnancy prevention for years without ongoing maintenance.
Low maintenance – requires no daily or frequent attention.
Reliable – eliminates worries about missing pills or forgetting birth control shots.
Reversible – fertility is quickly restored after removal.
Flexible – can be removed to pursue pregnancy or switch birth control methods.
Customisable options – available in hormonal or hormone-free (copper) types.
Convenient – no need to locate contraceptives before sexual activity.
Treats heavy menstrual bleeding – Mirena is FDA-approved for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB).
Relieves pain – alleviates menstrual cramps, and pain associated with endometriosis.
Additional health benefits – hormonal IUCDs can reduce menstrual cramps, and lighten periods.

How Is an IUCD inserted?

IUCD insertion is a quick, and straightforward procedure that requires minimal downtime.

IUCD insertion is a simple, and quick procedure. At Dr Ma Li’s clinic, we will assess your medical history, and perform a thorough pelvic examination to obtain a comprehensive overview of your health status.

Once she has obtained all the necessary details, she will brief you on what to expect during the procedure, as below:

Pre-insertion consultation – Dr. Ma Li will discuss the risks, and ensure the IUCD is a suitable option for you. Similarly, she will discuss the type of IUCD, along with its potential side effects to ensure you are well-informed.
Pelvic examination – a speculum is inserted to visualise the cervix. During this procedure, Dr. Ma Li will measure the uterus to ensure the IUCD fits correctly.
IUCD placement – the IUCD is loaded into a specialised applicator. Dr. Ma Li will proceed to insert it through the cervical canal into the uterus, ensuring it is positioned correctly. The applicator is then removed, leaving the IUCD in place.
Post-insertion care – patients may experience mild cramping or spotting initially. As such, you will be advised to rest for a short period, and schedule a follow-up appointment to confirm the IUCD is positioned correctly.

Although most patients can resume their normal activities immediately after the procedure, you are still encouraged to avoid strenuous activities to ensure the IUCD remains in its correct position.

How does IUCD differ from birth control pill, tubal litigation, and contraceptive patches?

METHOD	IUCD	BIRTH CONTROL PILL	TUBAL LITIGATION	CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH
Type	Long-acting reversible contraceptive.	Hormonal contraceptive.	Permanent surgical sterilisation.	Hormonal contraceptive.
How it works	A small device inserted into the uterus to prevent sperm from fertilising an egg.	Hormones that prevent ovulation, and alter cervical mucus.	Surgery to block or seal the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from reaching the uterus.	Hormones are released through the skin to prevent ovulation, and thicken cervical mucus.
Longevity	3 to 10 years, depending on type.	Taken daily.	Permanent (irreversible).	Worn for one week at a time, changed every week for three weeks.
Ease of use	Requires professional insertion, and removal.	Must be taken daily at the same time.	Permanent, and requires a surgical procedure.	Easy to use, just apply, and change weekly.
Side effects	Cramping Heavier periods Spotting	Headaches Mood changes Nausea Weight gain	No hormonal side effects but may cause changes in menstrual cycles	Headaches Mood changes Nausea Skin irritation
Reversibility	Easily reversible upon removal.	Easily reversible once you stop taking pills.	Permanent, not reversible.	Easily reversible after stopping use.
Effectiveness	99% or higher	91-99% (if used correctly).	99.5%	91-99% (if used correctly).
STI protection	No	No	No	No

METHOD	IUCD	BIRTH CONTROL PILL	TUBAL LIGATION	CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH
Type	Long-acting reversible contraceptive.	Hormonal contraceptive.	Permanent surgical sterilisation.	Hormonal contraceptive.
How it works	A small device inserted into the uterus to prevent sperm from fertilising an egg.	Hormones that prevent ovulation, and alter cervical mucus.	Surgery to block or seal the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from reaching the uterus.	Hormones are released through the skin to prevent ovulation, and thicken cervical mucus.
Longevity	3 to 10 years, depending on type.	Taken daily.	Permanent (irreversible).	Worn for one week at a time, changed every week for three weeks.
Ease of use	Requires professional insertion, and removal.	Must be taken daily at the same time.	Permanent, and requires a surgical procedure.	Easy to use, just apply, and change weekly.
Side effects	Cramping Heavier periods Spotting	Headaches Mood changes Nausea Weight gain	No hormonal side effects but may cause changes in menstrual cycles	Headaches Mood changes Nausea Skin irritation
Reversibility	Easily reversible upon removal.	Easily reversible once you stop taking pills.	Permanent, not reversible.	Easily reversible after stopping use.
Effectiveness	99% or higher	91-99% (if used correctly).	99.5%	91-99% (if used correctly).
STI protection	No	No	No	No

Why would an IUCD need to be removed?

IUCD will need to be removed once it reaches its expiration date to maintain its efficacy.

Although IUCD is a long-term contraceptive plan, it can be reversed for a multitude of reasons. These reasons may include, but not limited to:

Expiration – IUCDs have a defined lifespan, after which they lose effectiveness. Hormonal IUCDs typically last 3 to 8 years, while copper IUCDs can last up to 10 years. Once expired, they must be replaced to maintain contraceptive efficacy.
Health issues – some users may experience persistent side effects such as abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, or recurring infections. These symptoms may indicate that the IUCD is not suitable for your body, and should be removed.
Change in family planning – if you decide to switch to another contraceptive method, or if you plan to conceive, the IUCD needs to be removed. It allows you to adjust your family planning approach based on your current needs.
Device displacement – although rare, IUCDs can shift position or become partially expelled. This displacement can reduce its effectiveness, and may cause discomfort, requiring removal or repositioning.
Menopausal transition – hormonal IUCDs, often used for contraception, and menstrual regulation, may no longer be necessary after menopause. As such, removing the device ensures no unnecessary interventions remain in place.

How Is an IUCD Removed?

IUCD removal is a straightforward, and minimally invasive procedure. An IUCD removal procedure is as follows:

Consultation – Dr. Ma Li will begin by discussing your reasons for IUCD removal, and any alternative contraceptive needs. This helps to ensure you are fully informed about your next steps.
Preparation – a speculum is inserted to visualise the cervix. Dr. Ma Li will locate the IUCD strings that extend slightly into the vaginal canal. This allows for a smooth, and efficient removal process.
Removal procedure – Dr. Ma Li uses specialised forceps to gently pull the IUCD strings, causing the arms of the IUCD to fold inward as it slides out through the cervix. This step is quick, typically lasting just a few seconds, and is minimally uncomfortable.
Post-removal care – mild cramping or spotting may occur but usually resolves within a day or two. As fertility resumes immediately, it is important to discuss any plans for future contraception during your consultation.

In rare cases where the IUCD strings are not visible or if the device is embedded in the uterine wall, additional procedures, such as ultrasound-guided removal or minor surgery, may be necessary to safely extract the device.

Summary

IUCD allows patients to take a proactive approach to family planning, while regaining autonomy over their reproductive health.

IUCD is a powerful tool for managing reproductive health, offering unparalleled benefits such as long-term effectiveness, convenience, and the flexibility to adapt to your changing needs. Whether you choose a hormonal or copper IUCD, this method provides peace of mind with over 99% effectiveness in preventing pregnancy and options to support additional health benefits like lighter periods or reduced menstrual cramps.

If you are considering IUCD as a contraceptive method, then do connect with us to learn more about the procedure. Trust in our expertise, and compassionate care to guide you through every step, from consultation to insertion or removal, ensuring your reproductive health is supported with precision, and dedication.

FAQs

Frequently asked questions

What are the side effects of using an IUD?

Using an IUCD is generally safe, but some individuals may experience side effects, including:

Hormonal IUCDs – irregular spotting, lighter periods, or, in some cases, no periods at all. Hormonal changes may also lead to mild acne or breast tenderness.
Copper IUCDs – heavier periods, more intense menstrual cramps, and occasional spotting between cycles, especially during the first few months.

These effects often diminish over time as your body adjusts to the device. However, if symptoms persist or become severe, it is important to consult your doctor.

Who should not use IUCD?

IUCDs may not be suitable for everyone. Contraindications include:

Pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy.
Active pelvic infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Certain abnormalities or distortions of the uterus.
Severe menstrual disorders or conditions worsened by hormonal or copper-based devices.

Known or suspected cancer of the reproductive system.

How soon will IUCD start working?

Hormonal IUCD – effective immediately if inserted within the first 7 days of your menstrual cycle. Otherwise, additional contraception (such as, condoms) is recommended for 7 days.
Copper IUCD – offers immediate protection from pregnancy, regardless of the timing in your cycle.

How effective are IUDs at preventing pregnancy?

IUCDs are among the most reliable forms of contraception, with a success rate exceeding 99%. This means fewer than 1 in 100 users will experience an unintended pregnancy in a year. Additionally, proper insertion, and regular follow-ups enhance their efficacy.

How should I prepare for IUCD removal?

Preparing for removal involves a few simple steps:

Schedule an appointment with your doctor, ensuring the removal is performed by a trained professional.
Share any concerns or changes in your contraceptive preferences during the consultation.
Avoid inserting anything into the vagina (such as, tampons or douches) 24 hours before the procedure to reduce the risk of infection.
Be aware that fertility typically returns immediately after removal, so plan accordingly if you are not ready for pregnancy.

How long does insertion and removal take?

Both procedures are quick, and minimally invasive:

Insertion – takes about 5–10 minutes. The process includes a consultation, pelvic exam, and precise placement of the IUCD.
Removal – typically takes less than 5 minutes. If the device strings are visible, and the IUCD is in place, removal is straightforward.

Speak to Dr Ma Li today

book an appointment

Screenings

Procedures

Surgery

Other Services