3 Mount Elizabeth #09-08 Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre Singapore 228510

Infertility

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What is infertility?

Infertility is a complex condition that is caused by a list of possibilities.
diagnosed

What causes infertility?

Some of the common causes of infertility include, but are not limited to:

  • Gynaecological conditions: there are several gynaecological conditions that can influence the anatomy and overall health of the uterus. This includes:
  • Endometriosis: endometriosis refers to abnormal tissue growth that affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes due to scarring, inflammation and blockages.
  • Pelvic Adhesions: pelvic adhesions are bands of scar tissue that bind organs together and impair the functionality of the reproductive system, leading to infertility.
  • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI): POI or premature ovarian failure, indicates that a woman’s ovaries stop functioning before 40 years old.
  • Ovulation disorders: ovulation disorders affect the release of eggs from the ovaries and are among the leading causes of infertility. These conditions can include:
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a hormonal imbalance that disrupts regular ovulation.
  • Hyperprolactinemia: hyperprolactinemia refers to high levels of prolactin, a hormone that stimulates breast milk production, can suppress ovulation.
  • Thyroid disorders: both hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone) and hypothyroidism (too little) can interfere with the menstrual cycle and ovulation.
  • Damaged or blocked fallopian tube: damaged or blocked fallopian tubes can prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. This condition is often caused by conditions such as salpingitis– which is characterised by inflammation of the fallopian tubes, leading to scarring and blockage.
  • Conditions affecting the uterus: structural abnormalities or growths in the uterus can prevent pregnancy by interfering with implantation or the sperm’s journey to the egg. Some common conditions include:
  • Uterine polyps: noncancerous growths on the inner wall of the uterus.
  • Uterine fibroids: benign tumours that can block the fallopian tubes or hinder a fertilised egg’s implantation.
  • Cancer: certain cancers, particularly those affecting reproductive organs, can compromise fertility. Additionally, cancer treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy can damage reproductive tissues and reduce fertility.
  • Immune System Issues: in some cases, a woman’s immune system may produce antibodies that attack sperm or prevent the body from recognising a pregnancy. This abnormal immune response can lead to infertility or recurrent miscarriages.

Who is at risk of infertility in Singapore?

There are several factors that increase your risk of becoming infertile, ranging from health conditions, genetic traits, lifestyle and diet factors. These factors can include:

  • Abnormal menstrual cycle: you are more likely to experience infertility if you have an abnormal menstrual cycl, which includes prolonged menstruation, irregular period cycles and excruciating period cramps.
  • Age: your fertility rate begins to decline as you enter your early 30s, with the decline accelerating after 35 years old.
  • Autoimmune disorders: if you are diagnosed with autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS), then you have a higher risk of experiencing infertility.
  • Ectopic pregnancy history: your fertility rate may decline as low as 30% following an ectopic pregnancy.
  • Excessive alcohol consumption: heavy alcohol consumption will not only impact your fertility rate, but it may also lower the success rate of fertility treatment and affect your menstrual cycle.
  • Smoking: your chances of becoming pregnant may greatly decrease if you frequently smoke.
  • Structural issues: injuries or structural complications with your fallopian tubes, ovaries or uterus can increase your chances of becoming infertile.
  • Weight: you have a higher risk of experiencing infertility if you struggle with weight issues, including being underweight, overweight or obese.
Endometriosis is one of the known causes of female infertility.

What are the symptoms of infertility?

Women who experience chronic pelvic pain are encouraged to seek medical attention.

How is infertility diagnosed in Singapore?

Our doctor may perform a hysteroscopy to examine if any structural issues may cause infertility.

How is infertility treated in Singapore?

FAQs

Frequently asked questions

While fertility treatments offer hope, they can also come with certain risks and complications. These may include side effects from medications, an increased chance of multiple pregnancies or in rare cases, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
Certain lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk of infertility, such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, managing stress and protecting against sexually transmitted infections. However, not all causes of infertility can be prevented, especially those linked to genetics, age, underlying medical conditions.

Dr. Ma Li can provide guidance on ways to optimise your reproductive health and reduce potential risks where possible.
Insurance coverage for infertility treatments varies widely depending on the policy and provider. Some plans may cover diagnostic tests and certain medications, while others may not cover more advanced treatments like IVF. It is important to check with your insurance company to understand your coverage.
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