Gynaecological Screening

A gynaecological screening is an essential medical screening procedure that enables both you and the gynaecologist to have better insights into your reproductive health.

Gynaecological screening is an essential and proactive approach to maintaining your reproductive health. In fact, the prevalence of gynaecological conditions is noteworthy, as studies have shown that endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women and takes an average of seven years to diagnose.

Additionally, other gynaecological conditions such as ovarian cysts and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) similarly have considerable impact, affecting between 6% and 20% of women.

However, a vast majority of these conditions are often diagnosed during the later or advanced stages. This is due to the fact that societal norms coupled with inadequate awareness and knowledge often lead to symptoms of these gynaecological conditions being overlooked. Delayed intervention and treatment can result in devastating consequences, such as infertility.

Regular gynaecological screening helps women detect these issues early on, providing an immediate pathway to effective treatment.

What does Gynaecological Screening entail?

A gynaecological screening is a comprehensive examination that focuses on identifying any signs of gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis, cervical cancer or uterine fibroids.

Procedure	Details
Blood tests	A blood test will be able to reveal hormone levels and markers such as CA-125, which can indicate ovarian cysts or endometriosis.
Pelvic exam	A pelvic exam is a thorough examination of the pelvic area, assessing the uterus, ovaries and cervix for any abnormalities or tenderness that may suggest endometriosis, fibroids or other gynaecological issues.
Pap smear	A pap smear is a test that is designed to collect samples of cervical cells to detect any abnormalities and potential signs of cervical cancer.
HPV screening	An HPV screening is a test performed to detect the presence of the human papillomavirus (HPV), an infection that can stimulate cervical cancer if left untreated.
Ultrasound imaging	A transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound helps to visualise the reproductive organs, allowing for the detection of cysts, fibroids or any abnormalities in the uterus and ovaries.
Endometrial biopsy	In some cases, a small sample of endometrial lining may be collected to be tested for further analysis. However, this is often recommended for patients with a family history of endometriosis, cervical cancer, or if your gynaecologist suspects abnormal uterine bleeding.

A gynaecological screening can help detect a list of gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis, cervical cancer and PCOS.

Benefits of Gynaecological Screening

Undergoing regular gynaecological screenings can benefit your reproductive health tremendously. Some of these benefits include:

Aiding your gynaecologist in outlining a proactive health management plan to maintain or improve your reproductive health.
Early detection of potentially serious and life-threatening gynaecological conditions.
Identifying potential risk factors for certain gynaecological conditions, such as cervical cancer or ovarian cancer.
Improving the management of chronic conditions such as endometriosis and PCOS.
Improving treatment outcomes.
Offering insight into the status of your reproductive health.
Offering insight to help your gynaecologist prepare a personalised treatment plan that offers the most effective results.

What conditions can Gynaecological Screening detect?

Some of the conditions that a gynaecological screening can help detect are:

Adenomyosis
Endometriosis
Cervical dysplasia
Cervical cancer
Menstrual disorders
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Ovarian cysts
Ovarian cancer
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Uterine fibroids

What can I expect from Gynaecological Screening?

Understanding what goes on during a gynaecological screening will help you feel more at ease and prepared for the process.

Before the screening

Prior to your screening appointment, your medical history will be reviewed, along with any symptoms or concerns you may have.

Abnormal bleeding, which includes heavy menstrual blood, bleeding between your period or bleeding after intercourse.
Changes in the appearance of the vulva.
Difficulties with urination.
Irregular or missed periods.
Potential menopausal symptoms.
Painful intercourse.
Persistent pelvic pain, especially before, during or after menstruation.
Unusual vaginal discharge, such as change in texture and smell.

During the screening

During the procedure, it is typical for you to experience some pressure or mild discomfort. Rest assured, you will be kept as comfortable as possible throughout the process.

Blood test — a small amount of blood will be drawn from your arm to monitor your hormone levels and look for CA-125 markers.
Pelvic exam — during a pelvic exam, your reproductive organs will be examined, including the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovaries. By using a speculum to open the vaginal walls, it will enable her to visually inspect the cervix and check for any potential abnormalities.
Pap smear — a pap smear is typically performed during a pelvic exam, where a small sample of your cervical cells will be collected using a soft brush or spatula. While you may feel a light scraping sensation during the procedure, it is usually painless and quick.
HPV screening — similarly, an HPV test is performed alongside a pap smear. In fact, the test uses the same cell sample collected during the pap smear and requires no additional steps.
Ultrasound imaging — ultrasound imaging provides a detailed view of the uterus, ovaries and other pelvic structures. These images, that are broadcasted in real-time, will help us identify any abnormalities such as ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids or signs of endometriosis.
Endometrial biopsy — in the event an endometrial biopsy is deemed necessary, the procedure involves removing a small sample of the uterine lining for lab analysis. Unlike a pap smear or HPV test, an endometrial biopsy will have you experience some cramping during the procedure, but it is brief and tolerable.

After the screening

Following your screening, it is normal to experience some mild discomfort and bleeding. We will guide you through the aftercare instructions to better manage these temporary symptoms and ensure a smooth recovery. Some of these aftercare steps include:

Avoid having intercourse for up to three days following the screening.
Taking the day off to rest and recover.
Taking painkillers, if prescribed.

A gyneacological screening will offer gynaecologists the opportunity to outline an effective treatment plan to improve your reproductive health and treat your gynaecological conditions.

What results can I expect from Gynaecological Screening?

The results of your gynaecological screening can take up to 2 or 3 weeks to complete. Once we have received your results, an appointment will be scheduled to go over your results with you.

Normal results — these indicate that no abnormalities were found and that your reproductive health is in good health. If your results are normal, lifestyle or dietary changes are recommended to safeguard your reproductive health, with an annual gynaecological screening to monitor for any changes.
Abnormal results — if any abnormalities are detected, Dr. Ma Li will explain the implications along with the next steps. This usually includes diagnostic procedures to further assess and confirm the results, as well as treatment options to effectively manage your reproductive health.

Here at Dr. Ma Li Clinic For Women & Advanced Pelvic Surgery, we are dedicated to providing our patients with compassionate and personalised care to address your specific needs. If you would like to schedule a gynaecological screening or are due for a checkup, contact us to book an appointment.

FAQs

Frequently asked questions

Is gynaecological screening painful?

Gynaecological screenings may cause mild discomfort, but most procedures are quick and generally well-tolerated. Our team strives to make the experience as comfortable as possible for you.

At what age should I start going for gynaecological screenings?

It is generally recommended for girls to start seeing a gynaecologist between the ages of 13 and 15 or around the time they begin menstruating. Early visits often focus on educating young women about reproductive health, safe sex and menstrual wellness. By starting this relationship early, it allows the gynaecologist to monitor her reproductive health and address any potential concerns.

Meanwhile, pelvic exams, pap smears and HPV screenings typically start around age 21, regardless of sexual activity, as cervical cancer risk is very low before then. This also helps avoid invasive procedures at a young age.

Are there specific groups who should consider gynaecological screenings more urgently?

While regular screenings are beneficial for all women, certain groups are strongly encouraged to schedule appointments, including those who:

Experience abnormal vaginal discharge with an unusual texture or odour.
Have close relatives with conditions like endometriosis, PCOS or fibroids.
Have a family history of cervical or ovarian cancer.
Have persistent vaginal itching or irritation.
Notice lumps or masses in the vaginal area.
Suffer from menstrual issues like heavy bleeding or severe cramps.

How often should I have a gynaecological screening?

For most women, gynaecological screenings are recommended every three to five years. However, the frequency depends on your health status, medical history, and previous screening results. Women in good health may follow standard guidelines, while those with a family history of conditions like PCOS, endometriosis, or cervical cancer may benefit from annual screenings.

How should I prepare for my gynaecological screening?

Here are some tips to help you prepare:

Avoid sexual intercourse for at least 48 hours before your appointment.
Refrain from using tampons, vaginal creams, or douches for 48 hours prior to your visit.
Try not to schedule your screening during your menstrual period.

By following these simple steps, you can help ensure that your screening is as accurate and comfortable as possible.

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