3 Mount Elizabeth #09-08 Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre Singapore 228510
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3 Mount Elizabeth #09-08 Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre Singapore 228510

Fibroids

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What are uterine fibroids?

Uterine fibroids, or more commonly referred to as fibroids, are non-cancerous growths that develop in, or around the uterus. It is a common condition, affecting up to 70% of women in their reproductive years. Fibroids are categorised based on the location of growth; 

  • Intramural fibroids are fibroids that grow within the muscle wall of the uterus.
  • Submucosal fibroids are fibroids that grow on the inner wall of the uterus.
  • Subserous or subserosal fibroids are fibroids that grow on the outer wall of the muscle layer.
  • Pedunculated fibroids are rare fibroids with a stem, which resembles a mushroom, that grows in the uterus.

Additionally, it is possible to have one, or multiple fibroids of varying sizes.

The sizes of uterine fibroids can be as tiny as an apple seed, and grow as large as a mango.

What are some of the known common causes of uterine fibroid?

Although the exact causes of fibroids are unknown, researchers believe that hormones such as estrogen ande play a role in their development. As fibroids form as an abnormal muscle cell in the uterus, they then multiply rapidly when exposed to estrogen hormone.

What are the risk factors associated with uterine fibroids?

Several risk factors that can increase a woman’s likelihood of developing fibroids are:

  • Age: women who are at their reproductive age are more at risk of developing fibroids compared to those who have yet to have their first menstruation, or have reached menopause.
  • Diet: women who consume a diet rich in red meat, and low in vegetables put themselves at risk of getting fibroids.
  • Early onset menstruation: women who get their menstruation before the age of 10 risk developing fibroids in their lifetime.
  • Family history: women with immediate family members who have a history of fibroids stand a higher chance of developing them as well.
  • Hormones: women with high levels of both estrogen and progesterone have a higher risk of developing fibroids.
  • Obesity: women with a body mass index (BMI) of over 30 are at risk of developing fibroids.

What are the common symptoms of uterine fibroids?

Fibroids that are smaller than 5cm typically do not cause any symptoms. In cases of large fibroids, symptoms can include; 

  • Constipation.
  • Frequent urination.
  • Heavy menstruation (menorrhagia).
  • Intermenstrual bleeding.
  • Menstruation cramps.
  • Pain in the pelvic region, or the lower back.
  • Pain during intercourse.
  • Prolonged menstruation.
Fibroids can cause pain and discomfort when it grows larger than 5cm.

How are uterine fibroids diagnosed in Singapore?

At Dr Ma Li Clinic For Women & Advanced Pelvic Surgery, Dr. Ma Li starts with an assessment of your medical and family history followed by a pelvic examination. A pelvic examination will indicate any abnormalities if the lower abdominal area is tender or seems enlarged.  After preliminary assessment, you may be recommended one or more  diagnostic tests; 

  • Imaging tests: such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) scans are deployed to determine the size, and location of the fibroids.
  • Hysteroscopy: a hysteroscopy involves using a scope, which passes through the vagina, and cervix, to look for fibroids inside the uterus.
  • Laparoscopy: By making a small incision in the lower abdomen, a scope is then inserted through the incision to have a better visualisation of the uterus.

How are uterine fibroids treated in Singapore?

The treatment options for fibroids may include:

  • Medications : you may be prescribed oral medications such as birth control to address issues such as regulating hormone levels, shrinking the fibroids, controlling excessive menstrual bleeding, and managing menstrual cramps. 
  • Surgery: for larger, and multiple fibroids, surgery is often the best treatment for fibroids in Singapore, such as;
  • Myomectomy: a myomectomy is a surgical procedure that allows your doctor to surgically remove fibroids without risking damaging, or removing the uterus. As such, your chances of getting pregnant in the future are still possible. A myomectomy can either be performed via conventional surgical methods, or laparoscopically.
  • Hysterectomy: a hysterectomy may be recommended if you are experiencing extremely heavy menstrual bleeding, or if your fibroids are larger than normal. The procedure entails the complete removal of your womb, thereby diminishing your chances of getting pregnant in the future.

It is important to understand that treatment for fibroids will depend on the severity of your condition. Thus, it is essential to be assessed by a gynaecologist to obtain a definitive diagnosis and identify the best treatment module unique to your specific condition. If you suspect you may be at risk of uterine fibroids, contact us to schedule an appointment with Dr. Ma Li.

FAQs

Frequently asked questions

Smaller fibroids do not cause pain. On the other hand, the larger fibroids can cause pain and discomfort.
Fibroids are not necessarily a hereditary concern. However, they are developed due to inherited genetic mutations. You are likely to develop fibroids if you have a mother, sister, or other female relative with a history of fibroids.
No, fibroids, and cysts are not the same. While fibroids are developed in the uterus, cysts are often developed in the ovaries. Additionally, fibroids are non-cancerous solid masses, while cysts are fluid-filled sacs.

Some of the complications associated with fibroids are:

  • Difficulties conceiving.
  • Excessive bleeding that can lead to anaemia.
  • Infertility.
  • Miscarriage.
  • Persistent abdominal pain.
  • Swelling in the pelvic region.
Fibroids may interfere with your fertility rate and subsequently affect your chances of becoming pregnant.
Yes, it is possible for fibroids to recur. In fact, between 50-60% of women may experience fibroids recurrence 5–10 years after the initial removal.
Yes, fibroids can disappear on their own, especially when estrogen levels are low.
Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent fibroids. The best preventive measure is to monitor your menstrual health and habits. If you begin to show any symptoms or notice any abnormalities, then schedule an appointment with a gynaecologist to have it investigated.
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